![]() In contrast to conventional computer-based learning technologies, which are constrained by time and place, mobile-based technologies provide their users with ubiquitous access that is not constrained by spatial and temporal factors ( Kukulska-Hulme and Traxler, 2005 Melhuish and Fallon, 2010 Wong, 2012 Wang and Shih, 2015). Mobile-based learning is considered “learning across multiple contexts, through social and content interactions, using personal electronic devices” ( Crompton, 2013, p. Mobile learning refers to the use of mobile technologies, such as smartphones and tablets ( Huang et al., 2016), for educational purposes. The analysis of between-person differences also indicated that changes in both variables were positively correlated.Īs one of the viable and alluring technological devices, mobile devices have become widely available and advocated in educational settings ( Looi et al., 2010 Wang et al., 2017 Hwang and Fu, 2018 Liu et al., 2018 Rassaei, 2019 Fathi et al., 2021). The fit indices of the latent change models revealed an increase in both the EFL learners’ vocabulary learning attitudes and their self-regulatory capacity during the 1-year MALL programme. The data were analysed applying latent growth curve modelling to examine the participants’ longitudinal trajectories and patterns of change in the two waves of collected data. The required data were collected via administering vocabulary learning attitude and self-regulating capacity in vocabulary learning scales. Over the course of 1 year, various mobile applications were integrated into the regular English language instruction of the learners. To this end, this study investigated the latent change score models of the learners’ vocabulary learning attitudes and self-regulatory capacity over time. To shed more light on the impact of MALL on vocabulary learning, this study, employing a quantitative longitudinal design, aimed at examining the impact of a MALL programme on 139 EFL learners’ vocabulary learning attitudes and self-regulatory capacity. ![]() Over the past decades, English as a foreign language (EFL) learning has witnessed a heightened interest in the role of mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) in vocabulary learning. 3Department of English and Linguistics, Faculty of Language and Literature, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Sanandaj, Iran.2Department of English and Linguistics, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.1Department of Foreign Languages, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.Xiao Lei 1, Jalil Fathi 2 *, Shabnam Noorbakhsh 3 and Masoud Rahimi 2 ![]()
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